Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to real world situations like illegal smuggling, poaching, deforestation, climate change, airport security, etc. These scenarios can be framed as Stackelberg security games (SSGs) where defenders and attackers compete to control target resources. The algorithm's competency is assessed by which agent is controlling the targets. This review investigates modeling of SSGs in RL with a focus on possible improvements of target representations in RL algorithms.

在本文中，我们提出了通过特征级伪参考（PR）幻觉提出的无引用（NR）图像质量评估（IQA）方法。提出的质量评估框架基于自然图像统计行为的先前模型，并植根于以下观点，即可以很好地利用具有感知意义的特征来表征视觉质量。本文中，通过以原始参考为监督的相互学习方案学习了扭曲的图像中的PR特征，并通过三重态约束进一步确保PR特征的区分特性。给定质量推断的扭曲图像，特征水平的分离是用可逆神经层进行最终质量预测的，导致PR和相应的失真特征以进行比较。在四个流行的IQA数据库中证明了我们提出的方法的有效性，跨数据库评估的卓越性能也揭示了我们方法的高概括能力。我们的方法的实现可在https://github.com/baoliang93/fpr上公开获得。

The image recapture attack is an effective image manipulation method to erase certain forensic traces, and when targeting on personal document images, it poses a great threat to the security of e-commerce and other web applications. Considering the current learning-based methods suffer from serious overfitting problem, in this paper, we propose a novel two-branch deep neural network by mining better generalized recapture artifacts with a designed frequency filter bank and multi-scale cross-attention fusion module. In the extensive experiment, we show that our method can achieve better generalization capability compared with state-of-the-art techniques on different scenarios.

随着过去五年的快速发展，面部身份验证已成为最普遍的生物识别方法。得益于高准确的识别性能和用户友好的用法，自动面部识别（AFR）已爆炸成多次实用的应用程序，而不是设备解锁，签到和经济支付。尽管面部身份验证取得了巨大的成功，但各种面部表现攻击（FPA），例如印刷攻击，重播攻击和3D面具攻击，但仍引起了不信任的问题。除了身体上的攻击外，面部视频/图像很容易受到恶意黑客发起的各种数字攻击技术的影响，从而对整个公众造成了潜在的威胁。由于无限制地访问了巨大的数字面部图像/视频，并披露了互联网上流通的易于使用的面部操纵工具，因此没有任何先前专业技能的非专家攻击者能够轻松创建精致的假面，从而导致许多危险的应用程序例如财务欺诈，模仿和身份盗用。这项调查旨在通过提供对现有文献的彻底分析并突出需要进一步关注的问题来建立面部取证的完整性。在本文中，我们首先全面调查了物理和数字面部攻击类型和数据集。然后，我们回顾了现有的反攻击方法的最新和最先进的进度，并突出显示其当前限制。此外，我们概述了面对法医社区中现有和即将面临的挑战的未来研究指示。最后，已经讨论了联合物理和数字面部攻击检​​测的必要性，这在先前的调查中从未进行过研究。

我们提出了一个智能的可编程元映射器，该计算元件量身定制了其连贯的场景序列，不仅是针对特定的信息萃取任务（例如，对象识别），而且还适应了不同类型和噪声水平。我们系统地研究了学习的照明模式如何取决于噪声，我们发现可以直观地理解学习的照明模式的强度和重叠的趋势。我们基于微波动态跨表面天线（DMA）的分析耦合 - 偶极向前模型进行分析；我们制定了一个可区分的端到端信息流管线，其中包括可编程的物理测量过程，包括噪声以及随后的数字处理层。该管道使我们能够共同设计可编程的物理重量（确定连贯场景照明的DMA配置）和可训练的数字权重。我们的噪声自适应智能元想象的表现优于常规使用伪随机照明模式，这在使足够的与任务相关的信息挑战的条件下最清楚地构成：延迟约束（限制允许测量的数量）和强噪声。在室内监视和地球观察中，可编程的微波元想象将面临这些条件。

在过去的二十年中，癫痫发作检测和预测算法迅速发展。然而，尽管性能得到了重大改进，但它们使用常规技术（例如互补的金属氧化物 - 轴导剂（CMO））进行的硬件实施，在权力和面积受限的设置中仍然是一项艰巨的任务；特别是当使用许多录音频道时。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的低延迟平行卷积神经网络（CNN）体系结构，与SOTA CNN体系结构相比，网络参数少2-2,800倍，并且达到5倍的交叉验证精度为99.84％，用于癫痫发作检测，检测到99.84％。癫痫发作预测的99.01％和97.54％分别使用波恩大学脑电图（EEG），CHB-MIT和SWEC-ETHZ癫痫发作数据集进行评估。随后，我们将网络实施到包含电阻随机存储器（RRAM）设备的模拟横梁阵列上，并通过模拟，布置和确定系统中CNN组件的硬件要求来提供全面的基准。据我们所知，我们是第一个平行于在单独的模拟横杆上执行卷积层内核的人，与SOTA混合Memristive-CMOS DL加速器相比，潜伏期降低了2个数量级。此外，我们研究了非理想性对系统的影响，并研究了量化意识培训（QAT），以减轻由于ADC/DAC分辨率较低而导致的性能降解。最后，我们提出了一种卡住的重量抵消方法，以减轻因卡住的Ron/Roff Memristor重量而导致的性能降解，而无需再进行重新培训而恢复了高达32％的精度。我们平台的CNN组件估计在22nm FDSOI CMOS流程中占据31.255mm $^2 $的面积约为2.791W。

注意机制主导着深层模型的解释性。它们在输入上产生概率分布，该输入被广泛认为是特征对重要指标。但是，在本文中，我们发现注意力解释中的一个关键局限性：识别特征影响的极性的弱点。这将是一种误导性 - 注意力较高的特征可能不会忠实地促进模型预测；相反，它们可以施加抑制作用。有了这一发现，我们反思了当前基于注意力的技术的解释性，例如Attentio $ \ odot $梯度和基于LRP的注意解释。我们首先提出了一种可操作的诊断方法（此后忠实违规测试），以衡量解释权重与影响极性之间的一致性。通过广泛的实验，我们表明大多数经过测试的解释方法出乎意料地受到违反忠诚问题的阻碍，尤其是原始关注。对影响违规问题的因素的经验分析进一步为采用注意模型中采用解释方法提供了有用的观察。

Benefiting from the intrinsic supervision information exploitation capability, contrastive learning has achieved promising performance in the field of deep graph clustering recently. However, we observe that two drawbacks of the positive and negative sample construction mechanisms limit the performance of existing algorithms from further improvement. 1) The quality of positive samples heavily depends on the carefully designed data augmentations, while inappropriate data augmentations would easily lead to the semantic drift and indiscriminative positive samples. 2) The constructed negative samples are not reliable for ignoring important clustering information. To solve these problems, we propose a Cluster-guided Contrastive deep Graph Clustering network (CCGC) by mining the intrinsic supervision information in the high-confidence clustering results. Specifically, instead of conducting complex node or edge perturbation, we construct two views of the graph by designing special Siamese encoders whose weights are not shared between the sibling sub-networks. Then, guided by the high-confidence clustering information, we carefully select and construct the positive samples from the same high-confidence cluster in two views. Moreover, to construct semantic meaningful negative sample pairs, we regard the centers of different high-confidence clusters as negative samples, thus improving the discriminative capability and reliability of the constructed sample pairs. Lastly, we design an objective function to pull close the samples from the same cluster while pushing away those from other clusters by maximizing and minimizing the cross-view cosine similarity between positive and negative samples. Extensive experimental results on six datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of CCGC compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

To generate high quality rendering images for real time applications, it is often to trace only a few samples-per-pixel (spp) at a lower resolution and then supersample to the high resolution. Based on the observation that the rendered pixels at a low resolution are typically highly aliased, we present a novel method for neural supersampling based on ray tracing 1/4-spp samples at the high resolution. Our key insight is that the ray-traced samples at the target resolution are accurate and reliable, which makes the supersampling an interpolation problem. We present a mask-reinforced neural network to reconstruct and interpolate high-quality image sequences. First, a novel temporal accumulation network is introduced to compute the correlation between current and previous features to significantly improve their temporal stability. Then a reconstruct network based on a multi-scale U-Net with skip connections is adopted for reconstruction and generation of the desired high-resolution image. Experimental results and comparisons have shown that our proposed method can generate higher quality results of supersampling, without increasing the total number of ray-tracing samples, over current state-of-the-art methods.

Temporal sentence grounding (TSG) aims to identify the temporal boundary of a specific segment from an untrimmed video by a sentence query. All existing works first utilize a sparse sampling strategy to extract a fixed number of video frames and then conduct multi-modal interactions with query sentence for reasoning. However, we argue that these methods have overlooked two indispensable issues: 1) Boundary-bias: The annotated target segment generally refers to two specific frames as corresponding start and end timestamps. The video downsampling process may lose these two frames and take the adjacent irrelevant frames as new boundaries. 2) Reasoning-bias: Such incorrect new boundary frames also lead to the reasoning bias during frame-query interaction, reducing the generalization ability of model. To alleviate above limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel Siamese Sampling and Reasoning Network (SSRN) for TSG, which introduces a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames to enrich and refine the new boundaries. Specifically, a reasoning strategy is developed to learn the inter-relationship among these frames and generate soft labels on boundaries for more accurate frame-query reasoning. Such mechanism is also able to supplement the absent consecutive visual semantics to the sampled sparse frames for fine-grained activity understanding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SSRN on three challenging datasets.